The Japanese Conquest of Penang: Part One
By William Tham, Enzo Sim
December 2021 LEST WE FORGET
References
- Thiesen, W. H. 2021, May 7. The Long Blue Line: The history of Pacific Island men and women in the U.S. Coast Guard. My Coast Guard News.
- Burton, J. 2006. Fortnight of infamy: The collapse of allied airpower west of Pearl Harbor. Naval Institute Press, p. 91. “The first major battle of the Pacific War was under way more than two hours before Japan's carrier planes descended on Hawaii.”
- Toland, J. 1970. The rising sun: The decline and fall of the Japanese Empire, 1936–1945. New York: Modern Library. pp. 447–8.
- Worth, R.H., Jr. 2014 (1995). No choice but war: The United States embargo against Japan and the eruption of war in the Pacific. McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers.
- Seagrave, S. The Soong Dynasty. 1987 (1985). Transworld Publishers Ltd, p. 320; 356.
- Yong, C.F. 1997. The Origins of Malayan Communism. South Seas Society, pp. 272–5. Their armed wing, the Malayan People’s Anti- Japanese Army, would gain (in)famy as the most effective guerrillas in the underground war against the Japanese.
- Elphick, P. 2001, November 28. Cover-ups and the Singapore traitor affair. Fall of Singapore 60th Anniversary Conference. Regarding espionage, see the work of Peter Elphick
- Lebra, J.C. 1971. Japanese trained Armies in South-East Asia, New York: Columbia University Press, pp. 23–4.
- Duiker, W.J. 2000. Ho Chi Minh: A Life. Hyperion, pp. 242–4; 288.
- The simultaneous Japanese campaign on both sides of the International Date Line means that the war was recorded as starting on two different days.
- Wigmore, L. 1957. Chapter 8: Invasion of Malaya. The Japanese Thrust, 4(1). Australian War Memorial. pp. 137–152.
- Bayly, C. & Harper, T. 2005. Forgotten Armies. Britain's Asian Empire and the War with Japan. Penguin Books. p. 119.
- FEPOW Community. (n.d.). The withdrawal from North Malaya. Retrieved September 3, 2021
- Penang Evacuated. 1941, December 20. Northern Times (Carnarvon, WA : 1905–1952), p. 7. Retrieved October 17, 2021
- Manicasothy Saravanamuttu, c. 1970, The Sara Saga (Reprinted in Penang under Areca Reprints, 2010).
- Netto, A. 2013, October 6. "Old Penang: The Sook Ching massacres of World War II -anilnetto.com".
William Tham
has been published in NANG, PR&TA, The Best of World SF: Volume 2, and the Southeast Asian Review of English. He co-edited The Second Link: An Anthology of Malaysian and Singaporean Writing.
Enzo Sim
is a Mass Communications graduate who has an unwavering passion towards international relations, history and regional affairs of Southeast Asia. His passion has brought him to different Southeast Asian capitals to explore the diverse cultural intricacies within the region.
