
Bukit Kota & Bukit Indera Muda: A Former Socio-Political Centre
6 min read
Exploring Bukit Kota and Bukit Indera Muda reveals overlooked traces of Kedahan political power and Sumatran connections on Penang’s mainland—linking Tunku Sulaiman’s legacy, ancient trade routes, and a deeper history of Malay settlements in Seberang Perai.